Newspapers

Newspapers:


Ownership:

As of 2010, The Independent came under the ownership of Russian oligarch Alexander Lebedev.











Owned by News UK, who, in turn, are part of the American mass media conglomerate, News Corp. Rupert Murdoch is the executive chairman 












Marketing and Distribution:

The Independent:
  • The last printed edition of The Independent was published on Saturday 26 March 2016, leaving only its digital editions.
  • The I was also launched as a competitor for free papers. Originally a sister newspaper to The Independent, it cost only 20p when first published. However, it is now owned by JPIMedia.

Independent homepage – use of pop-up advertising as a means of generating revenue









Subscription page for the Independent













The Independent uses social media accounts such as, twitter, facebook and Instagram.



















The Sun:

The sun uses advertisements to promote their newspaper, above the line/traditional advertising.











Above the line Billboard advertisements. 















The Sun also has its own website

They use pop-up ads.














The Sun uses social media accounts such as, twitter, facebook and Instagram.


















Textual Analysis:

The Independent:
The masthead: 
Denotation
Typeface: Serif front, black, lettering, capitalized.
Connotation: 
Serif typeface connotes maturity - suggests it is aimed at a more mature readership.

Anchorage - The way in which text is used to help pin down the mood or meaning.
The caption is humorous, as with tabloid newspapers, and no puns are used (in the headline)
In terms of layout, broadsheets are more text-heavy than tabloids, with fewer (and often smaller) images.
Stories tend to be about current affairs, rather than the celebrity gossip found in tabloids.





The Sun:
The masthead: 
Uses a sans-serif font, with a red background - these are often nicknamed 'red tops' 
San-serif fonts are used throughout the front cover.

Laura Mulvey and the male gaze theory - catering to a predominantly male audience, The sun often features semi-clad women in its pages - these women are objectified for the male gaze - men gain sexual gratification from them. 










Audiences: 

 Target Audiences:
 

 For The Sun the target audience is called the 'White Van Man' this is due to them being in the C2, D and E social group. They are predominantly ages 35 and above. This is due to them reading the tabloid for entertainment.

 For The Independent the target audience is most likely to be in the A,B and C1 social group. They are predominantly 35 ages and above due to the content of the broadsheet, which is more knowledge and information based. 

Trends in Readership:


 





 Regulator Bodies: 
Role of IPSO:
  • Independent Press Standards Organisation
  • Introduced 2014, replacing the Press Complaints Commission (PCC), due to the phone hacking incident. 
  • They regulate the content of all press (newspaper) and magazine copy.

Editors’ Code of Practice
Covers the following:
  1.  Accuracy
  2.  Privacy
  3.  Harassment
  4.  Intrusion into grief or shock
  5.  Reporting Suicide
  6.  Children
  7.  Children in sex cases
  8.  Hospitals
  9.  Reporting of Crime
  10.  Clandestine devices and subterfuge
  11.  Victims of sexual assault
  12.  Discrimination
  13.  Financial journalism
  14.  Confidential sources
  15.  Witness payments in criminal trials
  16.  Payment to criminals

Decoding papers:
Stuart Hall: Preferred/Negotiated/Oppositional
  • Preferred Reading – This is when audiences respond to the product the way media producers want/expect them to.
  • Negotiated Reading – This is when a member of the audience partly agrees with part of the product .e.g Film, documentary, TV programme.
  • Oppositional Reading – This is when the audience are in complete disagreement with the product’s message or setting.




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